Intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence ovarian environment and efficiency of reproduction in cattle
Baruselli, Pietro SampaioBatista, Emiliana Oliveira SantanaVieira, Lais MendesSales, José Nélio de SousaGimenes, Lindsay UnnoFerreira, Roberta Machado
The emergent concepts on ovary environment,reproductive physiology and the development ofpharmacology are constantly supporting the advance ofassisted reproduction. Within the last years, thebiotechnics related to the synchronization of folliculardevelopment and the manipulation of bovine estruscycle have progressed rapidly and consistently. Thecombined use of timed-artificial insemination (TAI),superovulation (SOV), ovum pick up (OPU), in vitroembryo production (IVEP) and timed-embryo transfer(TET) has a great potential to improve reproductiveoutcomes and disseminate selected genetics,diminishing the interval of generations and improvingherds genetic gain. However, several factors canpotentially affect the efficiency of these procedures. Theknowledge of the particularities of the genetic groups,follicular growth manipulation, follicular populationpredictors, and metabolic and environmental aspectsthat interfere with ovarian environment and,consequently, oocyte quantity and quality is crucial tooptimize the reproductive programs. This review aimsto elucidate some factors that affect the ovarianenvironment and must be well known in order toimprove the efficiency of reproduction in cattle.
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